persiapan kuliah

Pada tahun 2005, menurut data Pacific Economic and Risk Consultancy, Indonesia menempati urutan pertama sebagai negara terkorup di Asia. Jika dilihat dalam kenyataan sehari-hari korupsi hampir terjadi di setiap tingkatan dan aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Mulai dari mengurus Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan, proyek pengadaan di instansi pemerintah sampai proses penegakan hukum.
Tanpa disadari, korupsi muncul dari kebiasaan yang dianggap lumrah dan wajar oleh masyarakat umum. Seperti memberi hadiah kepada pejabat/pegawai negeri atau keluarganya sebagai imbal jasa sebuah pelayanan. Kebiasaan itu dipandang lumrah dilakukan sebagai bagian dari budaya ketimuran. Kebiasaan koruptif ini lama-lama akan menjadi bibit-bibit korupsi yang nyata.
Kebiasaan berperilaku koruptif yang terus berlangsung di kalangan masyarakat salah satunya disebabkan masih sangat kurangnya pemahaman mereka terhadap pengertian korupsi. Dari mulai rakyat di pedalaman, mahasiswa, pegawai negeri, orang swasta, aparat penegak hukum sampai pejabat negara. Namun jika ditanyakan kepada mereka apa itu kourpsi, jenis perbuatan apa saja yang bisa dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana korupsi? Hampir dipastikan sangat sedikit yang dapat menjawab secara benar tentang bentuk/jenis korupsi sebagaimana dimaksud oleh Undang-Undang.
Pengertian korupsi sebenarnya telah dimuat secara tegas di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1971 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Sebagian besar pengertian korupsi di dalam undang-undang tersebut dirujuk dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) yang lahir sebelum negara ini merdeka. Namun, sampai dengan saat ini pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pengertian korupsi masih sangat kurang.
Menjadi lebih memahami pengertian korupsi juga bukan sesuatu hal yang mudah. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Korupsi, kebiasaan berperilaku koruptif yang selama ini dianggap sebagai hal yang wajar dan lumrah dapat dinyatakan sebagai tindak pidana korupsi. Seperti gratifikasi (pemberian hadiah) keapada penyelenggara negara dan berhubungan dengan jabatannya, jika tidak dilaporkan ke KPK dapat menjadi salah satu bentuk tindak pidana korupsi.
Mengetahui bentuk/jenis perbuatan yang bisa dikategorikan sebagai korupsi adalah upaya dini untuk mencegah agar seseorang tidak melakukan korupsi. Buku ini sengaja diterbitkan dengan tujuan agara masyarakat dapat memahami dengan lebih mudah dan lebih tepat tentang bentuk/jenis korupsi sebagaimana dimaksud oleh undang-undang.
Format penyajian berbentuk matrik unsur tindak pidana korupsi yang memuat unsur-unsur dari setiap bentuk/jenis tindak pidana korupsi dimaksudkan agar masyarakat lebih memahami bagaimana cara menganalisa suatu perbuatan. Tujuannya, masyarakat dapat menyimpulkan apakah perbuatan tersebut merupakan tindak pidana korupsi. Pada akhirnya, masyarakat dapat lebih mudah memahami perbuatan yang harus kita hindari, yaitu korupsi. Salam Anti Korupsi. (disalin dari Buku Saku Korupsi KPK

juni ujian akhir semester

Title - Learning to use the Power Point Program
By - Lisa T. Byrnes
Subject - Computers & Internet
Grade Level - 9-12
Lesson Purpose: Students will learn how to create a Power Point Presentation.
Lesson Objectives:
1. Become acquainted with the power Point Program.
2. Describe the basic features of the Power Point Program.
3. Create and Select a presentation style.
4. Create a short five slide Presentation.
Lesson Activity #1 (Introduction):
Develop lesson content, create interest by showing students an example of a Local History Power Point Presentation that the Teacher Created .
Supporting Web Information - Activity 1:
Johnstown Pa webpage - www.johnstownpa.com
Power Point Helps and Tools - http://www.actden.com/pp/
http//luke.ccu.edu/jbybee/EDU680/helps_tools.htm
Lesson Activity #2:
Students will get into groups and discuss reason why Power Point Presentations are beneficial, each group is expected to come up with six reason for use of a powerpoint presentation. This will be important for students to gain an understanding of the many uses of the program. Each group will List two Ideas on the board of why a power point presentation should be used, this will create a discussion of uses and also raise student interest in the subject area.
Supporting Web Information - Activity #2:
Using Power Point in the Classroom: http://www.microsoft.com/Education/curric/ppt97/START.HTM
Lesson Activity # 3:
Students will be given the hand out from the webpage http://www.actden.com/pp/unit1/1_main.htm, which is designed to introduce them into the Powerpoint environment. Students will complete the hand out and the quiz questions that follow each section.
Supporting Web Information - Activity 3:
Meeting PowerPoint: http://www.actden.com/pp/unit1/1_main.htm
Lesson Activity #4 Students will be taken through guided practice of the following skills: changing backgrounds, transitions, builds, hyperlinks, clip art, selecting colors and fonts, creating headers and footers, changing the slide master, developing professional looking slides. Students will be given the hand out "Starting Powerpoint as a beginner". They will work through the handout to develop the skills needed to complete the next lesson activity of creating a power point presentation. Powerpoint Tutorial: http://www.microsoft.com/education/curric/ppt97/
Classroom Tips: http://www.microsoft.com/education/curric/ppt97/present.htm
Lesson Activity # 5 Students will learn attractive presentation styles of a power point presentation. Supporting Web Information: Developing a Presentation Style with PowerPoint: http://www.microsoft.com/education/curric/ppt97/present.htm
Lesson Activity #6 (Wrap-UP):
Students will apply what they have learned to create a short five slide presentation. The subject area they will cover is "Local History". They must choose a presentation package of five slides that includes transitions, builds, hyperlinks and clip art. Students will present their finished product to the class for evaluation.
Supporting Web Information - Activity 6:
Power Point Tips: http://www.microsoft.com/education/curric/ppt97/present.htm
Local History Websites: www.johnstownpa.com
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/rails/about.html
http://www.sphpc.org
This lesson plan can be tailored to fit your local history!
Good Luck and Have Fun!

materi setelah mid

Objectives: TLW:
1. Assign values to a variable.
2. Collect information about variables and be able to use the information to solve for an unknown variable.

Materials Needed:
For each group of 3 students: 8 small containers and 80 small countable objects code sheet prepared by teacher

SET: Explain to students that today we will play a game in which they try to solve other teams' "Secret numbers."

REVIEW: Go over solving equations. Ensure everyone remembers how to solve equations. Explain that today they will learn how to write equations.

PROCEDURE:
1. Divide the class into groups of 3 or 4. Instruct each group to select a recorder to keep an account of the events beginning in step 6. Distribute 8 containers and 80 counters to each group.
2. Each group is assigned a different letter of the alphabet and each of the group's 8 containers is labeled with the lowercase form of that letter. If the same lesson is taught repeatedly, the same containers can be used over and over.
3. Each group chooses a "secret number" between one and ten and informs teacher of their choice. The teacher keeps a record of all "secret numbers" on his code sheet.
4. Have each group place the "secret number of counters in each of their eight containers.
5. Each group will now have 8 containers, each of which contain the same number of counters and the same letter of the alphabet. Discuss ways to express the total number of counters in all 8 containers. For example: m+m+m+m+m+m+m+m or x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x. Build on that idea: 8m or 8x.
6. Have each group exchange some containers with one other group. For example, 3 m's are exchanged for 3 x's. Each group records its holdings in the following manner: m+m+m+m+m+x+x+x or 5m + 3x and x+x+x+x+x+m+m+m or 5x +3m.
7. Each group confers with the teacher who checks the code sheet to tell them the total number of counters their groups is holding. For example, the first group has 5m + 3x counters. The teacher tells them they have 22 counters.
8. Discuss if necessary how to write an equation to express the total number of counters. For example, 5m + 3x = 22.
9. Each group solves the equation they have developed to solve for the unknown variable.
10. Students continue to trade until they have discovered each group's "secret number" or until time has run out.